If warts appear near the anus, it means that human papillomavirus (HPV) is developing in the body. Dangerous infection, which in the active stage can cause cancer, death. Diagnosis and treatment must be timely.
What is Human Papillomavirus
HPV is a common genital infection that, through active cell division, causes warts to appear in close areas. The viral group from the papillomavirus family contains 5 genera, 27 species, more than 170 strains. HPV is infected by about 60% of the world's population. In most cases, the virus has been in the body in disguise for many years.
Pregnancy period
Replication lasts for 3 months, when the virus does not manifest itself in any way. In some cases, the gestation period varies from 16 days to 12 months, depending on the state of immunity. During this period, the infection multiplies, affecting healthy tissue. Immunity in young women eliminates HPV on its own in 80-90% of cases. In the remaining 10-20%, the infection intensifies, the disease becomes chronic.
Transmission routes
Papillomavirus infection in women enters the body in the following ways:
- Sexual. The main route of infection, where the infection enters the body through anal contact, is the vagina.
- Contact and household. Use of items, clothing, shoes, household appliances of a sick person.
- From mother to fetus. HPV is transmitted to the baby as it passes through the birth canal if the mother is infected.
- Be in touch. Skin contact with infected person.
Causes of HPV in women
Strong immunity destroys the virus in 90% of cases and no treatment is necessary. In the other patients it becomes active, comes back. The causes of HPV in women are:
- viral diseases;
- early sex;
- HIV AIDS;
- frequent exchanges of sexual partners;
- immunosuppressive therapy;
- unprotected intercourse;
- long-term drugs;
- births, frequent abortions;
- diabetes;
- drug addiction, alcoholism in women;
- chronic diseases of the genitals;
- weakened immunity after illness.
What is dangerous
Papillomavirus in women causes malignant tumors of the cervix, labia, vulva and anus. Breast cancer can develop. To rule out uterine dysplasia and further cancer development, it is necessary to determine the DNA virus in time and start treatment. HPV during pregnancy is full of fetal infection. If a woman becomes ill during childbirth, complex treatment begins at 7 months of age, when the baby's organs are fully developed.
Carcinogenic HPV types
Depending on the risk of cancer, the following types of HPV are differentiated in women:
- Not carcinogenic. HPV types 1, 2, 4, 5. Pathogenic cell changes are ruled out, cancer does not develop.
- Slightly carcinogenic. Hpv types 3, 6, 11, 13, 32, 34, 40–44, 51, 61, 72, 73 do not cause cancerous diseases with persistent immunity. Under the influence of provocative factors, the development of a malignant tumor is possible.
- Moderate carcinogen. HPV types 52, 53, 56, 58 and 30, 35, 45. Under the influence of provocative factors, cancer develops.
- Highly carcinogenic. Hpv types 50, 59, 68, 64, 70 and 16, 18, 31, 33, 39. The chances of developing cancer are high.
HPV 16 and 18 types
HPV type 16 is highly carcinogenic. The micro-organism invades the cells of the body, inhibiting tumor protection. On the genitals, anus, gray spots with a rough surface appear. Over time, warts, papillomas and condylomas form. They are localized not only on the genitals but also on the neck, eyelids, thighs and armpits.
HPV type 18 also binds to DNA cells, reducing the activity of the immune system, creating favorable conditions for benign tumors that are susceptible to malignancies. Cervical cancer can develop. HPV type 18 also causes papillomas, genital warts and warts.
Symptoms of infection
The symptoms of an infection depend on the person's stress. At first, the HPV carrier does not experience discomfort. The virus is in a latent (asymptomatic) form. Under the influence of provocative factors, the following symptoms of HPV appear:
- pain in the external genitalia;
- burning sensation, discharge from the vagina;
- skin tumors;
- pain during intercourse.
Papillomas and condylomas
Skin growth is the first sign of HPV. Genital warts appear when they are infected with viruses of 6, 11 types. The waxes are flesh-colored and reminiscent of cauliflower. Such tumors are often susceptible to malignancies, localized in the anus, external genitalia, rarely near the oral cavity. The rash is numerous, can merge into large sulfur. The main risk is the risk of injury due to such a development of a narrow leg.
Papillomas are caused by the activity of HPV species 1, 2, 3, 4, 10. Local on the lips, eyelids, chest, neck, armpits and mouth. The growth of dense consistency of the leg varies in color (pink, brown, pale). In women, vestibular papillomatosis may worsen. The disease can not be cured. With strong immunity such growth disappears without treatment, the risk of malignancy is minimal.
Warts
In women, the following types of warts are differentiated in shape:
- Normal (rude). Local on face, head, fingers, hands. Plantar warts appear on the soles, caused by HPV species 1, 2.
- Cordless. Nodules on the leg are located in the groin, under the armpits and mammary glands, on the genitals.
- Flat (youthful). Localized in the armpits, neck, arms, face and chest. They appear in adolescence, disappearing spontaneously when they grow up. Caused by a virus of types 3, 5.
Analysis
To speed up the recovery of girls and women, you need to go for an examination and determine the type of virus correctly. In the event of a dangerous situation, a woman is registered in the sexually transmitted disease ward. Diagnosis is complex, involving the following methods:
- Musical instrument examination by a gynecologist. Your doctor will find tumors in your skin, determine their size and location.
- Cabbage reflection. Colposcope is used to examine the vagina, cervix and vulva. For the accuracy of the study, use Lugols solution, acetic acid.
- Tissue sample. The creation of biocides from the cervix is done to confirm or rule out cancerous diseases.
- PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Determines the presence of human papillomavirus DNA.
- ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). This is done to detect certain antibodies in the blood in response to the effects of the virus.
PAP test
This method is used in gynecological diseases. To determine cancerous changes in the epithelial tissue, the cervix is scraped. The material is taken from the cervix, the lining of the inner side of the cervix and the vagina. It is dyed, dried and then examined under a microscope. The purpose of the test is to detect atypical and cancerous cells.
The steps for evaluating the results are as follows:
- lack of microbial flora;
- the initial stage of unconventional cells;
- abnormal structure of the nucleus;
- cells with irregular nuclei, cytoplasm, chromosomes;
- high concentration of malignant cells.
PCR analysis
To determine the DNA regions that are characteristic of the papillomavirus, the vagina is scraped. With a positive result, the antigen concentration per 100 cells is as follows:
- Lg up to 3 - HPV concentration is low.
- Lg 3-5 is a large amount of papillomavirus.
- Lg from 5 - high concentration HPV.
Digene test
This is a hybrid capture method that detects areas of papillomavirus DNA. The screening test is characterized by high sensitivity (more than 96%), detects early-stage HPV and predisposition to cancer. The Digene test determines the strength of the virus, often combined with a cytological study. The Digene test does not require preparation and is used worldwide to get quick results.
Treatment of papillomavirus in women
Complex HPV therapy covers the following areas:
- removal of growth on the skin;
- take antiviral drugs;
- immunosuppressive cycles.
Depending on their location on the body, it is easy to damage chain tumors and papillomas. In addition, tumors can grow. Such growth is best removed surgically. Otherwise, the risk of skin damage quickly becoming carcinogenic increases.
Medical treatment
Taking medication is necessary to reduce the activity of the virus, to strengthen the immune system. The diagnosis is curable. List of drugs for the complex treatment of HPV:
- Local cauterizers. These are gels, ointments, solutions with organic acids, antiviral elements in the composition. In this way you can remove small growths on the skin, stopping their growth.
- Antiviral. The composition of drugs contains antiviral substances, when it enters the body, antibodies against infection are formed.
- Immunosuppressants. They inhibit the reproduction of papillomavirus, stop the growth of skin growth, increase resistance to pathogenic flowering, strengthen the immune system.
Surgery
To stop the growth of tumors on the skin with a viral disease, one of the planned surgeries is performed:
- Laser treatment. Laser growth cleansing. The method is allowed during pregnancy, is characterized by good endurance, rapid rehabilitation.
- Cryogenic. Warts are frozen with liquid nitrogen, after which they disappear painlessly. After the operation, there are no scars left on the body.
- Diathermocoagulation. The waxes on the skin are removed with an electric cutting knife, electric current. After the operation, scars and scars remain on the body.
- Radio wave therapy. The method is painless, removes medium-sized growths, leaves no scars and has minimal medical contraindications.
- Surgery. The operation is performed under anesthesia after a preview. Indications - extensive soft tissue damage, suspected cancer. The disadvantage is scar.
Folk medicine
To remove the symptoms of papillomavirus in the complex treatment system, methods of alternative medicine are used. It is impossible to cure HPV from the inside in this way, but it is actually possible to eradicate tumors on the skin without consequences. To remove genital warts, warts and papillomas, use the following health recipes:
- Pull off a fresh stalk of celandine, rinse, rub the growth on the skin. Perform the operation once / day until the wart dries and falls off on its own.
- Lubricate warts with castor oil 3-4 times a day. Perform the operation until the accumulation disappears.
- Squeeze out the garlic juice, lubricate the lesions. Perform the operation 2-3 times a day. Over time, the wart will disappear.
- Cut the beetroot in half. Apply to wart, fasten with plaster. Perform the procedure before going to bed, positive dynamics is noticeable after 8 days. The treatment period is 2-3 weeks.
- Mix lemon juice, apple cider vinegar and hydrogen peroxide in equal proportions. Stir, apply to external growth 2-3 times a day, until they fall off.
To destroy the virus quickly and strengthen the immune system, decoctions and infusions can be lowered instead of teas in the complex treatment system. Folk medicine with immunostimulatory properties are as follows:
- Infusion of conifers. Pour 1 tbsp. l. chopped needles needles 1 cup boiling water. Simmer over medium heat for a quarter of an hour. Cool, strain, take the broth before a meal (you can add honey).
- Sugar onions. Cook in boiling water for 10 minutes. onion peel in a ratio of 1: 10. Require broth, strain. Take 1 teaspoon orally. 5-6 times daily before meals (honey can be added).
Preventive treatment
It is difficult to choose the right medicine and eradicate papillomavirus forever. In addition, antiviral therapy has various side effects. You need to take precautionary measures in time. Medical advice is as follows:
- Follow the rules of personal hygiene.
- Get tested for HPV 2 times a year.
- Eliminate promiscuous sex.
- Use contraceptive contraception.
- Strengthen the immune system (especially during the season of seasonal vitamin deficiencies).
- Keep track of your medication intake.
- Lead an active lifestyle, play sports.
Prevention of HPV in women involves vaccination. Stationary vaccination can only protect against 4 types of papillomavirus - 16 and 18, 6 and 11.